Investor visa, residency by investment and citizenship-by-investment programmes across Europe.
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Thresholds vary by country — typically €250,000–€500,000 for real estate, or lower amounts via investment funds. Requirements change regularly; always verify with a lawyer.
In most countries, Golden Visa holders can apply for citizenship after 5–10 years of residence. Requirements include language tests and clean criminal records.
Browse our verified directory of law firms across Spain's major cities. All listed firms offer English-language legal services to expats and foreign nationals.
Find My Lawyer in 60 SecondsSpain's investor residence programme (Golden Visa) was established by Ley 14/2013 de apoyo a los emprendedores (arts. 63–67). The real estate route (€500,000 minimum) is the most used — but in April 2024 the Sánchez government announced plans to abolish it. As of May 2025, the legislative abolition has not been completed; the route remains technically available.
| Investment Type | Minimum | Permit | Political Status (2025) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real estate (free of mortgages/charges) | €500,000 | 2 years → 5 years | ⚠️ Abolition announced; not yet law |
| Spanish public debt (Deuda del Estado) | €2,000,000 | 2 years → 5 years | Stable |
| Shares in unlisted Spanish companies | €1,000,000 | 2 years → 5 years | Stable |
| Investment funds / venture capital | €1,000,000 | 2 years → 5 years | Stable |
| Bank deposit in accredited Spanish institution | €1,000,000 | 2 years → 5 years | Stable |
| Digital nomad visa (Ley 28/2022) | No investment — remote income ≥ 200% SMI | 1 year → 3 years | Active — growing demand |
| Step | Where | Timeline |
| 1. Property purchase (escritura + ITP payment) | Notaría / Registro | 4–8 weeks |
| 2. Golden Visa application (DGI) | Via abogado / in person | 20 business days (legal guarantee) |
| 3. TIE card issuance | Comisaría de Policía | 2–4 weeks after approval |
| Total timeline | 3–5 months | |
Ley Beckham / Régimen especial LIRNR art. 93: Golden Visa holders who work in Spain (e.g., as a director of their company) can qualify for the 24% flat rate IRNR for 6 years. Apply via Modelo 149 within 6 months of arriving. Family members (spouse + children under 18) included on same Golden Visa application.
