Slovakia's personal identification number (format YYMMDD/XXXX) — the universal identifier for tax, social insurance, and healthcare, equivalent to the Czech rodné číslo.
The rodné číslo is Slovakia's personal identification number, assigned at birth to Slovak citizens and to foreign nationals registering residency. Its format mirrors the Czech system: YYMMDD followed by a slash and a 4-digit suffix, with women's months increased by 50. For example, a man born on 10 June 1990 has 900610 as the first 6 digits; a woman born on the same date has 906610. The 10-digit number (9 digits for births before 1954) is used on the Slovak national identity card (občiansky preukaz) and across all public administration systems.
The Slovak rodné číslo serves simultaneously as the personal income tax identifier (for natural persons), the social insurance number (sociálne poistenie), and the health insurance identifier. It is required for employment contracts, bank account opening, health service access, and property transactions in Slovakia. EU nationals who register Slovak residency (trvalý pobyt EU) receive a rodné číslo through the registration process at the relevant Cudzinecká polícia (Foreigners' Police) and Mestský úrad (municipality office).
Non-EU nationals with Slovak residence permits (povolenie na pobyt) also receive a rodné číslo. Foreign investors purchasing Slovak property without establishing residency obtain a Slovak DIČ (daňové identifikačné číslo) from the tax office (daňový úrad) instead. This serves as the property transaction identifier. Your Slovak lawyer can apply for a DIČ on your behalf with a power of attorney.
Slovak data protection law (implementing GDPR) restricts the use of rodné číslo in commercial contexts. Landlords, employers, and private companies may only collect and process the rodné číslo where specifically authorised by law. Sharing your rodné číslo with third parties for non-statutory purposes is prohibited and you have the right to refuse such requests in commercial contexts.
The relationship between the rodné číslo and other Slovak identifiers: the IČO is the company registration number; the IČ DPH (prefix SK + 10 digits) is the VAT registration number; the DIČ is the tax ID (= rodné číslo for natural persons or a separately issued number for non-residents). All Slovak invoices must display the IČO and, if VAT-registered, the IČ DPH.
Register your right of residence at the Cudzinecká polícia (Foreigners' Police) and then with your local Mestský úrad. Bring your EU passport or ID, proof of Slovak address (lease/property deed), and proof of purpose (employment, study, or self-sufficiency). The rodné číslo is issued as part of this registration.
Non-resident foreign buyers use a Slovak DIČ rather than a rodné číslo for the property transaction. You can apply for a DIČ at the relevant daňový úrad with your passport and a document showing the reason for the application (such as a preliminary purchase agreement). Your Slovak lawyer can apply on your behalf with a power of attorney.
IČ DPH (Identifikačné číslo pre daň z pridanej hodnoty) is the Slovak VAT registration number — formatted as SK + 10 digits. Companies that exceed the 49,790 EUR annual turnover threshold must register for VAT and obtain an IČ DPH. It appears on all VAT invoices alongside the company's IČO.
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